To be successful in real estate, you must always and consistently put your clients’ best interests first. When you do, your personal needs will be realized beyond your greatest expectations – Anthony Hitt, real estate professional.
Whether you’re looking to build a home, start a farm, or make an investment, understanding land titles and documentation is crucial. This article will walk you through everything you need to know about land titles in Nigeria, from the different types to the steps involved in securing your property.
Understanding Land Titles
First, What is a land title?
Simply put,
A Land title is a document that proves you have legal ownership of a piece of land.
Having a proper land title is essential because it safeguards your investment and ensures that your property rights are protected under the law.
Without this document, your “ownership” could vanish faster than jollof rice at a wedding.
Types of Land Titles in Nigeria
There are several types of land titles in Nigeria, each serving a different purpose. Let’s break down the most common ones:
1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
This is the most recognized land title in Nigeria. It’s issued by the state government and serves as proof that the holder has the right to use and occupy the land for a specified period, usually 99 years.
The C of O is often the goal for many land buyers because it offers the highest level of security.
It’s also very important to note that;
To be able to process a C of O in Nigeria, the property must have a;
Deed of Assignment and Registered Survey Plan
So when you want to purchase a property, please ensure it has these two land documents.
Missing one of these is like making egusi soup without palm oil—it just won’t work.
Pro Tip: If anyone promises you a C of O for land under a bridge, RUN.
This piece of information we’re giving you now is going to help you a lot in your real estate investing journey
2. Governor’s Consent
When you buy land that already has a C of O, you need to get the Governor’s Consent to transfer ownership officially. This consent is crucial for the transaction to be legally binding.
Only one C of O,
Can be issued on the same property, each time a property that already has a C of O is purchased, a Governor’s Consent is required.
Even if the property is sold again to another buyer, the new buyer also needs to get a Governor’s Consent. And it goes on like that.
3. Deed of Assignment
This document is used to transfer ownership from the seller to the buyer. It includes detailed information about the land, the terms of the sale, and the parties involved.
Once signed,
it should be registered with the state’s land registry.
4. Survey Plan
A survey plan is a document that shows the precise boundaries and measurements of the land. It’s prepared by a licensed surveyor and is essential for any land transaction.
5. Excision
In Nigeria, some lands are designated as government property. Excision is the process by which a portion of government-owned land is released back to indigenous communities or individuals. An excised land can be converted into a C of O
6. Gazette
A gazette is an official record that documents all lands that have been excised. If the land you’re interested in is listed in the gazette, it means it has been officially recognized by the government.
Steps to Acquiring a Land Title in Nigeria
Acquiring a land title in Nigeria involves several steps. Here’s a simple breakdown:
1. Identify the Land
– The first step is to identify the land you’re interested in. This involves visiting the site, checking its location, and ensuring it fits your needs.
2. Conduct a Search
– Before making any payments, it’s crucial to conduct a search at the Land Registry. This will help you verify the true owner of the land and ensure there are no legal issues or encumbrances.
3. Survey the Land
– Hire a licensed surveyor to create a survey plan. This plan will detail the exact measurements and boundaries of the land.
4. Draft a Deed of Assignment
– Once you’re satisfied with the land and its legal status, a Deed of Assignment should be prepared. This document transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer.
Importance Of Proper Documentation
A buyer was once told the land he purchased was 5 plots. The surveyor’s report revealed it was actually 3 plots, and the other 2 were in the neighboring cemetery, “Free spirits included” joked the buyer. Lol
This is why you should avoid local agents if you’re serious about investing in real estate. Always ensure you go through reputable real estate companies, and that’s why we are here!
Without having proper documentation, your dream property could become a legal nightmare.
Here’s why land titles and documentation are critical:
- Protects Ownership Rights
Legally proves you own the land or property.
- Prevents Future Disputes
Avoids ownership conflicts with third parties or government agencies.
- Enhances Property Value
Properly documented lands attract serious buyers and investors.
- Facilitates Smooth Transactions
Makes buying, selling, or transferring ownership seamless and stress-free.
Final Thoughts
Proper land documentation safeguards your investment and guarantees peace of mind.
